Samvidhan

Mere Fundamental Rights kya hain?

Fundamental Rights Constitution ke Part III mein diye gaye basic rights hain. Inke 6 groups hain: equality, freedom, exploitation se protection, religion ki freedom, culture aur education ke rights, aur inhe lagu karwane ke liye court jaane ka right. Ye mainly government aur sarkari bodies ke against aapko protect karte hain.

Kya koi meri caste, religion ya gender ki wajah se mere saath bhedbhav kar sakta hai?

Government nahi kar sakti — woh religion, race, caste, sex ya janm-sthan ki wajah se aapse alag bartav nahi kar sakti. Chhuachhut sabke liye crime hai, aur shops, hotels aur public places in wajahon se mana nahi kar sakte. Baaki private bhedbhav tabhi illegal hai jab koi specific law lagu ho.

Kya government ko criticise karne wali social media post ke liye mujhe arrest kiya ja sakta hai?

Government ya uske leaders ki criticism free speech hai, crime nahi. Post tabhi crime hai jab woh koi specific law tode — jaise violence bhadkana, communities mein nafrat failana, defamation ya obscenity. Tab bhi, zyadatar aise offences mein police usually arrest se pehle notice bhejti hai.

Article 21 (right to life aur liberty) mein kya-kya aata hai?

Kisi vyakti se uska life ya personal liberty sirf law mein tay procedure se hi chheeni ja sakti hai, aur woh procedure fair aur reasonable hona chahiye. Courts ne Article 21 mein dignity se jeena, rozi-roti, privacy, emergency ilaaj, speedy trial aur free legal aid ko shamil maana hai.

Mere rights violate hue hain. High Court ya Supreme Court kaise jaun?

High Court (Article 226) ya Supreme Court (Article 32) mein writ petition file karo. Court kisi sarkari body ko illegal kaam rokne, apni duty karne, ya illegal detention se kisi ko chhodne ka order de sakta hai. Usually pehle High Court jao — woh paas hai aur uski powers wider hain.

RTI application kaise file karun?

Apne sawal sarkari office ke Public Information Officer (PIO) ko likho, fees bharo (Central Government offices ke liye ₹10), aur post se, khud jaakar ya online jama karo. Koi reason dene ki zaroorat nahi. Jawab 30 din mein dena hota hai, aur kisi ki jaan ya azadi ka sawal ho toh 48 ghante mein.

Kya education fundamental right hai? Kya private school mere bachche ko admission se mana kar sakta hai?

Haan — 6 se 14 saal ke har bachche ko free aur compulsory education ka fundamental right hai (Article 21A). Zyadatar private unaided schools ko entry class ki kam se kam 25% seats weaker aur disadvantaged group ke bachchon ke liye free rakhni hoti hain. Koi school admission ke liye donation ya bachche/parents ka test nahi le sakta.

Kya privacy fundamental right hai? Kya koi mujhe Aadhaar dene ke liye force kar sakta hai?

Haan, privacy fundamental right hai (Supreme Court, 2017). Government subsidy aur benefits ke liye, aur PAN se link karne ke liye Aadhaar maanga ja sakta hai. Lekin bank, mobile company ya school Aadhaar par zor nahi de sakte — usually aap koi dusra valid ID de sakte ho.

Voter list mein mera naam nahi hai. Kya phir bhi mujhe vote daalne denge?

Nahi. Vote tabhi daal sakte ho jab aapka naam aapke area ki voter list (electoral roll) mein ho — sirf voter ID card kaafi nahi hai. Election se kaafi pehle Form 6 bharo. Naam list mein hai toh voter ID na hone par bhi kisi aur approved photo ID se vote daal sakte ho.

Kya child labour illegal hai? Agar main dekhun toh kya karun?

Haan. 14 saal se kam umar ke bachche se koi bhi kaam nahi karwaya ja sakta — ghar ka kaam, shops ya dhabon par bhi nahi. 14–18 saal ke teenagers mines ya explosives jaise khatarnak kaam mein nahi lagaye ja sakte. Child labour dikhe toh 1098 ya 112 par call karo, ya PENCiL portal par report karo.